2 Samuel 10:14

Authorized King James Version

PDF

And when the children of Ammon saw that the Syrians were fled, then fled they also before Abishai, and entered into the city. So Joab returned from the children of Ammon, and came to Jerusalem.

Original Language Analysis

בְּנֵ֣י And when the children H1121
בְּנֵ֣י And when the children
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 1 of 18
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
עַמּ֔וֹן of Ammon H5983
עַמּ֔וֹן of Ammon
Strong's: H5983
Word #: 2 of 18
ammon, a son of lot; also his posterity and their country
רָאוּ֙ saw H7200
רָאוּ֙ saw
Strong's: H7200
Word #: 3 of 18
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
כִּי H3588
כִּי
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 4 of 18
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
וַיָּנֻ֙סוּ֙ then fled H5127
וַיָּנֻ֙סוּ֙ then fled
Strong's: H5127
Word #: 5 of 18
to flit, i.e., vanish away (subside, escape; causatively, chase, impel, deliver)
אֲרָ֔ם that the Syrians H758
אֲרָ֔ם that the Syrians
Strong's: H758
Word #: 6 of 18
aram or syria, and its inhabitants; also the name of the son of shem, a grandson of nahor, and of an israelite
וַיָּנֻ֙סוּ֙ then fled H5127
וַיָּנֻ֙סוּ֙ then fled
Strong's: H5127
Word #: 7 of 18
to flit, i.e., vanish away (subside, escape; causatively, chase, impel, deliver)
מִפְּנֵ֣י they also before H6440
מִפְּנֵ֣י they also before
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 8 of 18
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
אֲבִישַׁ֔י Abishai H52
אֲבִישַׁ֔י Abishai
Strong's: H52
Word #: 9 of 18
abishai, an israelite
וַיָּבֹ֖א and came H935
וַיָּבֹ֖א and came
Strong's: H935
Word #: 10 of 18
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
הָעִ֑יר into the city H5892
הָעִ֑יר into the city
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 11 of 18
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
וַיָּ֣שָׁב returned H7725
וַיָּ֣שָׁב returned
Strong's: H7725
Word #: 12 of 18
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
יוֹאָ֗ב So Joab H3097
יוֹאָ֗ב So Joab
Strong's: H3097
Word #: 13 of 18
joab, the name of three israelites
מֵעַל֙ H5921
מֵעַל֙
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 14 of 18
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
בְּנֵ֣י And when the children H1121
בְּנֵ֣י And when the children
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 15 of 18
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
עַמּ֔וֹן of Ammon H5983
עַמּ֔וֹן of Ammon
Strong's: H5983
Word #: 16 of 18
ammon, a son of lot; also his posterity and their country
וַיָּבֹ֖א and came H935
וַיָּבֹ֖א and came
Strong's: H935
Word #: 17 of 18
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
יְרֽוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ to Jerusalem H3389
יְרֽוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ to Jerusalem
Strong's: H3389
Word #: 18 of 18
jerushalaim or jerushalem, the capital city of palestine

Analysis & Commentary

And when the children of Ammon saw that the Syrians were fled, then fled they also before Abishai, and entered into the city. So Joab returned from the children of Ammon, and came to Jerusalem.

This verse contributes to the narrative of War with Ammon and Aram, emphasizing responding to insult with strength. The Ammonite insult to David's ambassadors and subsequent war demonstrates appropriate responses to hostility. Theological themes include honor/shame dynamics in ancient cultures, the legitimacy of responding firmly to aggression, and trusting God when facing overwhelming opposition. The Hebrew narrative emphasizes strategic wisdom alongside divine enablement.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 10 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding responding to insult with strength provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

People

Study Resources